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    What Is a NIPT for All Chromosomes Test?

    Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) is a blood test carried out during pregnancy to assess whether the baby has a higher likelihood of certain genetic conditions. During pregnancy, small fragments of the baby’s DNA (cell-free DNA or cfDNA) from the placenta are found circulating in the mother’s blood. NIPT examines this cfDNA to detect chromosomal abnormalities in the foetus without requiring invasive procedures such as amniocentesis (which involves testing the amniotic fluid) or chorionic villus sampling (CVS – testing placental tissue). This test helps identify conditions caused by missing or extra chromosomes.

    NIPT is commonly used to screen for:

    • Trisomies : An extra chromosome, for example, Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome, the most frequent genetic condition), Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome).

    • Sex chromosome aneuploidies : Abnormal numbers of X or Y chromosomes, such as Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and Triple X syndrome.

    • Microdeletions : Some tests also detect microdeletions like 22q11.2.

    The key benefit of NIPT is that it is non-invasive, requiring only a blood sample, unlike other tests that involve more invasive procedures. While NIPT is a screening tool that estimates risk, it does not provide a definitive diagnosis. If the result indicates a high risk, additional tests such as amniocentesis or CVS may be suggested for confirmation.

    For those living in Noida, at-home NIPT testing is a convenient option, offering sample collection at home and rapid results.

    NIPT for All Chromosomes Test Parameters

    The NIPT test measures two key factors: chromosomal abnormalities (such as Down syndrome – Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 13) and sex chromosome abnormalities (such as Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, Triple X syndrome, and XYY syndrome).

    NIPT works by examining cfDNA, which are small fragments of the baby’s DNA found in the mother’s blood, to detect potential genetic conditions. These DNA fragments come from the placenta, an organ responsible for providing oxygen and nutrients to the baby.

    The test is generally carried out after the 10th week of pregnancy, as this is when enough foetal DNA has entered the mother’s bloodstream to provide accurate results.

    NIPT is highly accurate in detecting Down syndrome (99%) but is somewhat less accurate for other conditions like Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13. Factors such as carrying twins, being a surrogate, or maternal obesity can influence the accuracy of the results.

    For the test to be effective, the foetal fraction – the proportion of cfDNA in the mother’s blood originating from the placenta – must be at least 4%. If there isn’t enough foetal DNA, the test may not provide reliable results. This could be due to the test being performed too early, an issue with the sample, or if the mother has a higher body mass. Different NIPT methods analyse cfDNA in various ways, with most counting all cfDNA fragments to detect abnormalities like missing or extra chromosomes..

    NIPT for All Chromosomes Test Preparation

    To ensure precise results, follow these important guidelines before having the NIPT test:

    • Prerequisites No special preparations, such as fasting, are required before undergoing the NIPT test.

    • Best Time to Get Tested The NIPT test can be taken at any time during the day. It is usually performed from the 10th week of pregnancy onwards, as foetal DNA levels may be too low before this point.

    • Who Should Have a NIPT Test? Pregnant individuals who are at higher risk of having a child with chromosomal abnormalities should consider this test. It is also offered to all pregnant individuals.

    • Cautions Before Having a NIPT Test There are no specific precautions to be observed before undergoing the NIPT test.

    Why Take the NIPT for All Chromosomes Test?

    NIPT is recommended for pregnant individuals whose foetus may be at risk of genetic conditions, including:

    • Pregnant individuals of all risk levels : Originally suggested only for high-risk pregnancies, NIPT is now recommended for all pregnant individuals, regardless of risk level.

    • Parents with a family history of genetic disorders : Individuals who have had a child with a chromosomal abnormality may opt for NIPT to assess the likelihood of similar conditions in their current pregnancy.

    • Individuals with concerning ultrasound findings : If an ultrasound reveals potential issues in foetal development, NIPT can help evaluate the risk of certain genetic disorders.

    • People with abnormal early screening results : If previous prenatal tests indicate a potential issue, NIPT offers a more precise assessment of chromosomal abnormalities.

    • Expectant parents seeking thorough genetic screening : With advances in genetic testing, NIPT is increasingly capable of detecting additional genetic disorders, providing valuable early insights for prenatal care.

    NIPT is highly accurate (94-99%) in detecting common chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), and Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). It can also identify sex chromosome abnormalities, including Turner syndrome (missing an X chromosome) and Klinefelter syndrome (an extra X chromosome in males).

    FAQs on the NIPT for All Chromosomes Test in Noida

    The cost of a NIPT test in Noida is ₹11000. This price includes home sample collection within 60 minutes of booking. The results are provided within 308 hours after sample collection.

    Yes, Orange Health Labs offers doorstep sample collection for NIPT testing. Once the test is scheduled, a trained eMedic expert will visit your location within 60 minutes to collect the necessary sample.

    NIPT is used to screen for genetic conditions such as Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, and Patau syndrome, as well as sex chromosome abnormalities like Klinefelter syndrome. It helps assess the risks of chromosomal disorders during pregnancy.

    There is no need to fast before taking the NIPT test.

    To book an NIPT test with Orange Health Labs, follow these steps:

    • Find the Test : Search for "NIPT test" and choose Orange Health Labs from the options.

    • Confirm Appointment : Enter your details, select your location, and pick a convenient sample collection time.

    • Sample Collection : A trained eMedic will come to your location to collect the blood sample.

    • Processing and Results : The sample will be processed at our NABL-certified, ICMR-approved lab. You will receive the results via email or WhatsApp within 308 hours.

    .NIPT results are given as a "Z score." Generally, a Z score within the range specified for each condition is regarded as low risk. For example, a Z score between -6 and 2.8 is considered low risk for Down syndrome.

    The test results are typically available within 308 hours after the sample collection.

    The need for and frequency of this test are entirely based on your individual medical condition and your doctor's recommendation.

    The NIPT test screens for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 18, trisomy 13, as well as sex chromosome abnormalities such as Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome, Triple X syndrome, and XYY syndrome.

    The NIPT test is accessible in various localities across Noida, including but not limited to DLF Phase 1, DLF Phase 2, DLF Phase 3, DLF Phase 4, DLF Phase 5, Sector 14, Sector 15, Sector 21, Sector 22, Sector 23, Sector 24, Sector 29, Sector 31, Sector 40, Sector 42, Sector 43, Sector 45, Sector 46, Sector 50, Sector 51, Sector 52, Sector 53, Sector 54, Sector 55, Sector 56.

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    References

    1. Cleveland Clinic. NIPT test (Noninvasive Prenatal Testing): What To Expect.  Available from:  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/21050-nipt-test
    2. Medline Plus. What is noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and what disorders can it screen for?: MedlinePlus Genetics  Available from:  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/nipt/
    3. Non-invasive Prenatal Screening or Testing (NIPS / NIPT).  Available from:  https://me.health.gov.il/en/parenting/planning-a-family/pregnancy-testing-and-monitoring/tests-during-pregnancy/nipt-test/
    4. Prenatal Screening and Diagnostic Considerations for 22q11.2 Microdeletions. Genes.  Available from:  https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/1/160