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    What Is an HbA1c Test?

    The HbA1c test’s full form is haemoglobin A1c test, and it is used to measure the average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months. Glucose, a type of sugar, is obtained from the food that we eat. Insulin, which is produced by the pancreas, helps glucose enter the cells, where it serves as the main energy source for our cells. In individuals with diabetes, the body may not produce sufficient amounts of insulin or it may not utilise insulin effectively, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels.

    The HbA1c blood test measures the percentage of haemoglobin in red blood cells that is linked with glucose (glycated). As blood glucose levels rise, more haemoglobin becomes glycated, providing a reliable indication of average glucose levels over the lifespan of red blood cells, which is approximately three months.

    The sugar test HbA1c is used in the diagnosis and monitoring of prediabetes and diabetes. It also serves as a preferred method for evaluating glycaemic control in diabetic patients. The HbA1c test can detect chronic high blood sugar and helps in determining the risk of complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes.

    HbA1c Test Preparation

    Getting ready for an HbA1c test is hassle-free and does not require specific preparations.

    • General instructions: The test does not require fasting, and you can eat and drink normally before the test. Continue taking your regular medications unless your doctor advises otherwise.

    • Precautions Before the Test: Inform your doctor of any recent illnesses as they may impact glucose results. Moreover, if you are on medications for the treatment of anaemia or supplements, let them know before testing, as these may affect the test results.

    HbA1c Test Procedure

    The HbA1c test involves the collection of a blood sample. Once you book the test with Orange Health Labs, a skilled and experienced eMedic will arrive at your desired location for sample collection. The testing procedure steps are as follows:

    • Preparation: The eMedic will explain the procedure to you and answer if you have any questions. You will be asked to sit comfortably in a chair.

    • Site Selection: A suitable vein, usually in the inner elbow area, will be selected and the skin in this area will be cleaned with an antiseptic wipe.

    • Needle Insertion: A needle will be inserted in the vein and blood will be drawn. You might feel a mild pinch or sting during this step.

    • Blood Collection: The required amount of blood will be collected in a vial.

    • Needle Removal: The eMedic will remove the needle and apply pressure at the needle insertion site with a gauze pad to stop any bleeding.

    • Bandaging: Lastly, a small bandage will be placed over the puncture site to protect it.

    Why Take the HbA1c Test?

    The HbA1c test is an important tool for monitoring blood sugar levels and assessing overall health in individuals at risk for or with existing diabetes. You may require HbA1c testing for several reasons:

    • Screening for those with risk factors: The HbA1c blood test is recommended for individuals above the age of 45 years and those who have risk factors like prediabetes, obesity, poor lifestyle, or a family history of diabetes.

    • Identifying Prediabetes : If your blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes, the HbA1c test can help diagnose prediabetes.

    • Screening for Diabetes: If you experience symptoms of diabetes like excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, or fatigue, you may require an HbA1c test to evaluate your blood sugar control.

    • Monitoring for Diabetes Management : For individuals already diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes, the HbA1c test is essential for monitoring how effectively blood sugar levels are being controlled.

    Who Should Take the HbA1c Test?

    Individuals experiencing symptoms of diabetes or prediabetes should undergo HbA1c testing.

    The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends HbA1c testing for diabetes and prediabetes for the following individuals:

    • Adults aged 45 years or older without symptoms/ risk factors.

    • For adults below the age of 45 years, tests should be taken by those with risk factors like:

      • Family history of diabetes

      • Sedentary lifestyle

      • High blood pressure

      • History of stroke or heart disease

      • High cholesterol

      • Females with a history of gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)

    What Does the HbA1c Test Measure?

    The test is also called glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c test and measures the levels of glycated haemoglobin in the blood. Haemoglobin is a protein that is responsible for carrying oxygen within the red blood cells throughout the body. When glucose (sugar) circulates in the bloodstream, it binds to haemoglobin, forming glycated haemoglobin. The HbA1c test reflects the percentage of haemoglobin that is coated with glucose.

    This measurement provides an average of your blood sugar levels over the past two to three months, as red blood cells live for about 8 to 12 weeks (120 days). Higher HbA1c levels indicate poor blood sugar control, suggesting a higher risk of complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve issues. Lower HbA1c levels signify better blood sugar control.

    Signs That You May Need a HbA1c Test

    If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, it may be an indication to check your blood sugar levels with an HbA1c test:

    • Excessive thirst

    • Frequent urination

    • Unexplained weight loss

    • Extreme fatigue

    • Blurred vision

    • Tingling/numbness in hands and feet

    • Slow-healing sores

    • Increased infections

    HbA1c Test Results & Interpretation

    The HbA1c test results show the percentage of haemoglobin in blood that is coated with glucose. However, these percentage ranges can vary depending on individual factors like age and overall health. For diagnosing diabetes or prediabetes, the commonly used percentage thresholds are as follows:

    HbA1c PercentageInterpretation
    Less than 5.7%No Diabetes
    5.7 to 6.4%Increased risk of developing diabetes in the future
    More than 6.5%Diabetes

    HbA1c Test Normal Range

    While the normal range for HbA1c is generally considered to be below 5.7%, therapeutic glycaemic targets may vary for individuals with diabetes based on their specific health needs and circumstances:

    TargetHbA1c Percentage
    AdultsLess than 7%
    Children with type 1 diabetesLess than 7%
    Pregnant patients with diabetesLess than 6.5%

    It is important to note that these targets may be individualised based on various factors, including age, duration of diabetes, and overall health. Therefore, while the normal range provides a general guideline, personal targets should be established in consultation with a healthcare provider.

    Maintaining an HbA1c level within the normal range is crucial for overall health.

    FAQs on HbA1c Test

    The HbA1c test does not require special preparations like fasting.

    Symptoms of high blood sugar (hyperglycaemia) can include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, headache, and difficulty concentrating. If blood sugar levels remain high for an extended period, it may lead to more severe complications.

    If you have diabetes, it’s generally recommended to have the HbA1c test every 3 to 6 months, depending on your treatment plan and blood sugar control. Your treating doctor can give personalised advice based on your condition.

    The HbA1c test is considered very safe, with minimal risks. Some individuals may experience slight discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site, but serious complications are rare.

    High HbA1c levels are typically caused by consistently elevated blood sugar levels over time. Factors contributing to high HbA1c may include uncontrolled diabetes, poor dietary choices, physical inactivity, stress, illness, certain medications, and lack of adherence to prescribed treatment.

    You can improve your HbA1c levels by maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, monitoring blood sugar levels, and adhering to any prescribed medications.

    Yes, HbA1c levels can and should be monitored during pregnancy, especially for women with diabetes or at risk for gestational diabetes. It helps in managing blood sugar levels for the health of both mother and baby.

    Once booked, Orange Health Labs ensures that sample collection is done rapidly or as per your preferred time. HbA1c test results are typically available within 6 hours of sample collection.

    Abnormal HbA1c results indicate that your average blood glucose levels are outside the normal range, which may suggest diabetes or prediabetes. Your doctor will interpret the results and recommend appropriate action.

    What Affects Your HbA1c Test Results?

    Medical Conditions That Can Impact HbA1c Test Results

    Certain health conditions can influence HbA1c levels. Iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, chronic renal failure, alcoholism, blood disorders like sickle cell anaemia or thalassemia, and reduced red blood cell production can elevate HbA1c. On the other hand, conditions like splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), haemoglobin disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and increased red cell turnover can lower HbA1c.

    Medications That Can Affect HbA1c Test Results

    Various medications and supplements can impact HbA1c levels. For example, erythropoietin, iron, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, aspirin, HIV medications, and opioids may lower levels, while chronic opiate use and high doses of aspirin can increase HbA1c. 8,9

    When to Seek Medical Advice Based on HbA1c Test Results

    HbA1c test results provide an overview of the blood sugar control over a prolonged period. Understanding when to seek medical guidance is crucial, especially if your levels are outside the recommended HbA1c test range.

    Consulting a Doctor for High/Abnormal HbA1c Levels

    HbA1c levels of 6.5% or higher may suggest diabetes and warrant prompt medical evaluation. If your HbA1c levels are between 5.7% and 6.4%, this could indicate a risk for developing diabetes, and it is recommended to consult a doctor for necessary preventive measures. 3,8

    Addressing Abnormal HbA1c Results

    Abnormal HbA1c levels can signal poor blood sugar management or underlying conditions. Your doctor may recommend additional tests to determine the cause and suggest changes to your treatment plan, whether through lifestyle adjustments or medications. 3

    When Lifestyle Changes Aren’t Enough

    If healthy eating, regular physical activity, and other lifestyle interventions fail to lower your HbA1c levels, it may be time to consider further options. In such cases, consulting your doctor will help you explore more intensive strategies to manage your condition. 3

    Medication Adjustments Based on HbA1c Levels

    If your HbA1c levels remain elevated despite medication, it may indicate that your current treatment isn’t adequately controlling your blood sugar. In such cases, your doctor may adjust the doses of your current diabetes medications or switch to better therapies. However, some medications like immunosuppressants or protease inhibitors can also cause falsely elevated HbA1c. If this is suspected, your doctor might adjust these medications rather than increase your diabetes treatment. 3.6

    Key Benefits of the HbA1c Test

    The HbA1c test plays a vital role in diabetes management and overall blood health, offering several advantages such as: 2,3

    Early Detection of Diabetes: The HbA1c test is useful for detecting prediabetes or diabetes early, allowing for prompt treatment and minimising the risk of complications.

    Prevention of Diabetes-Related Complications: As the test assesses the HbA1c levels and long-term blood sugar control, it helps in preventing complications such as nerve damage, heart disease, and kidney failure.

    Monitoring of Existing Conditions: For individuals managing diabetes or related issues like hypertension, regular HbA1c tests help monitor long-term blood sugar control, ensuring treatment remains effective.

    Cost-Effective Health Management: Regular HbA1c testing is a cost-effective approach to monitor your health, potentially lowering the need for more expensive treatments in the future.

    Provides Long-Term Blood Glucose Control: Unlike daily blood sugar tests, the HbA1c test reflects average glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, providing a broader perspective on blood sugar management.

    Common Diseases Diagnosed by HbA1c Test

    The HbA1c test is helpful in diagnosing disorders of abnormal blood sugar. It can be used to diagnose the following illnesses:

    • Prediabetes

    • Type 2 diabetes

    • Type 1 diabetes

    • Gestational diabetes

    Risk Factors for High HbA1c Levels

    High HbA1c levels may be a sign of inappropriate blood sugar control, which can further contribute to the risk of developing diabetes-related complications. Some common risk factors associated with elevated HbA1c levels are:

    • Obesity

    • Sedentary lifestyle

    • Family history

    • Unhealthy diet

    • Advancing age

    • High cholesterol levels

    • High blood pressure

    • History of fatty liver disease

    • High blood glucose

    Complications of Untreated Abnormalities in HbA1c Levels

    Abnormally elevated HbA1c levels if left untreated can lead to various health complications such as:

    • Heart diseases, hypertension, stroke

    • Neuropathy (nerve damage that causes pain or loss of sensation)

    • Skin complications (increased risk of infections)

    • Delayed wound healing

    • Periodontal diseases (gum disease that may result in tooth loss)

    • Diabetic retinopathy (eye problems that affect vision)

    • Diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage)

    • Mental health issues (depression and anxiety due to chronic diabetes)

    How to Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

    Having HbA1c levels in the normal range can be beneficial for effective blood sugar control. Here are some effective strategies to maintain a healthy lifestyle:

    • Healthy Eating: Plan balanced meals with a focus on non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-sugar drinks. Monitor carbohydrate intake using methods like carb counting or the plate method.

    • Regular Physical Activity: Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity weekly, such as walking or swimming, and include strength training to improve muscle and bone health.

    • Weight Management: Aim for a healthy weight by following a meal plan, reducing calorie intake, and maintaining regular physical activity.

    • Quit Smoking: Quitting smoking can help manage diabetes and reduce the risk of complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, and nerves.

    • Sleep Management: Get 7-8 hours of sleep each night to help regulate blood sugar levels and support overall health.

    • Mental Health Care: Managing stress, anxiety, or depression is important for overall well-being and can help improve diabetes management.

    Testing During Pregnancy or Special Conditions

    • HbA1c Testing During Pregnancy: The HbA1c test is not typically recommended for diagnosing gestational diabetes as it’s less reliable compared to tests like the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) during pregnancy. This is due to changes in red blood cell lifespan and altered metabolism during pregnancy, which can affect HbA1c levels.

    • Usefulness in Early Pregnancy: However, HbA1c can be useful for screening pre-existing diabetes in early pregnancy, monitoring glycaemic control in women already using SMBG, and evaluating glucose control if SMBG results are insufficient.

    • Considerations for Interpretation: For HbA1c test interpretation during pregnancy, factors like gestational age and maternal haemoglobin levels should be considered, as these can influence results.

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    • Really excellent service. On time sample was collected and I got the report within 5 hours.
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    • Had a great experience with them. The process was quite smooth and even the reports were pretty quick.
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    • Prompt and trustworthy service. I was bedridden and got my test done at home and results were out within 3-4 hours. Highly recommend
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    • Very Professional behaviour while taking blood samples . The result was on time without any delay . I would recommend and I will also use in future.
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    • I have a good experience with orange health labs. The samples gets collected and the reports are always sent on time. I am happy with the services provided and hope they continue the same future.
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    • They provide a very good service. The individual that comes for taking the samples are very professional. The reports are also genuine. They provide great discounts also which u won't get in any other labs..
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    • Orange health lab giving the satisfaction work for people. Response is good they will collect the samples on time and they release the reports also on time. They are mentioned the well knowledge Emedics I am fully satisfied with orange health Thank you.
      5.0
    • Technicians are very prompt. Wide variety of tests offered. Results are quick (e.g. FBT results in 6 hrs), with all reports available centrally in an app. And, the smart uniforms of their technicians, )who are also skilled and courteous) brings a degree of professionalism unlike other service providers.
      5.0
    • My experience with Orange Helth Labs has been good so far. They keep up the time , for collecting the sample, analysing and in giving the reports. It's great help, especially for those who can't move out from their homes for getting the samples analysed. Thier charges for testing is also are comparable to any good labs.
      5.0
    • Very professional services. On time arrival of eMedic to collect sample. Unlike other apps, He was well groomed and collected the samples very smoothly. Also the reports were shared within 6 hours. We could track the sample also online. I have used other apps earlier , but this was the best experience . Very happy with their services.
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