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NABL & ICMRAccreditedThe Kidney Function test (KFT) is designed to evaluate kidney health and efficiency by measuring how effectively the kidneys filter waste from the body. This test analyses various blood parameters to help diagnose kidney conditions, track the progression of kidney disease, and monitor the effectiveness of treatments.
The kidneys are essential for eliminating toxins and waste products from the body, regulating fluid and mineral (electrolyte) balance, producing vitamin D, and generating hormones like erythropoietin for red blood cell production and renin for blood pressure control. These critical functions make kidney health vital for overall well-being.
Early stages of kidney disease often go unnoticed due to the lack of symptoms, making KFTs essential for everyone. These tests are crucial for the early detection and management of kidney issues. For people living in Mumbai with high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or a family history of kidney disease, regular KFTs are particularly important. Thus, people may examine the function of their kidneys, which is essential for preserving their overall wellness, by scheduling a KFT in Mumbai.
A KFT provides a thorough evaluation of kidney health and electrolyte balance. Key test parameters include:
Before taking a Kidney test at home, it is crucial to be properly prepared for accurate results. Here are key considerations:
Prerequisites
While KFT typically requires no special preparations, follow any specific instructions from your doctor. For KFT with electrolytes, you may avoid nicotine and need to drink plenty of fluids.
Best Time to Get Tested
No fasting is needed, so the test can be done at any convenient time during the day.
Who Should Get a Kidney Function Test
This test is recommended for individuals with kidney disease symptoms, chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension, or a family history of kidney issues.
Cautions Before Taking Kidney Function Test
Let your doctor know about any medications or antibiotics you are taking, as you may need to stop them if they could affect the test results.
You might need a KFT for the various reasons listed below:
Symptoms of Kidney Diseases
A KFT is often recommended for symptoms like difficulty urinating, pain during urination, blood in urine, and frequent urination, which may indicate kidney disease. These tests provide early detection, which permits prompt action.
Assessment of Disease Progression
KFTs are beneficial for assessing the evolution of kidney disease over time, offering vital insights into treatment adjustments.
Health Conditions
Conditions such as diabetes and hypertension can damage kidney function, making regular KFTs essential for monitoring and managing the impact of these conditions on the kidneys.
Electrolyte Balance
KFTs, often coupled with electrolyte panels, are vital for assessing kidney health and ensuring the balance of crucial minerals like calcium, sodium, and potassium.
Monitoring Treatment
KFTs help track how well the kidneys are responding to treatments for various health conditions.
Listed below are the normal ranges for various test parameters along with conditions that may cause deviations:
| Test Parameters | Normal Range | Conditions associated with abnormal levels |
|---|---|---|
| Urea | 19-43 mg/dL (Newborn: 6.5-25.5) | High urea and BUN levels are suggestive of poor kidney function due to acute or chronic kidney diseases, decreased blood flow to the kidneys as in congestive heart failure, shock, stress, recent heart attack or severe burns, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, conditions that obstruct urine flow or dehydration. Low urea and BUN levels are uncommon and are not usually a cause for concern. Although they are not used to detect or track severe liver disease or malnutrition, they can be observed in these circumstances. Normal pregnancy also exhibits low urea levels. |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 6-20mg/dL | |
| Creatinine | 0.66-1.25mg/dL | Creatinine is elevated in kidney damage, infection, urinary tract obstruction, diabetic complications, congestive heart failure, and reduced blood flow to kidneys due to shock. |
| Uric Acid | 3.5-8.5mg/dL | High levels of uric acid are seen in kidney disease, pre-eclampsia, purine-rich food, alcoholism, and side effects of cancer treatment. |
| eGFR | Normal >= 90 Mild decrease 60-89 Mild-moderate decrease 45-59 Severe decrease 15-29 End-stage kidney disease < 15 All values in ml/min/1.73m² | GFR is an important parameter for detecting chronic kidney disease. |
| BUN/creatinine ratio | 10-20 | High BUN/creatinine ratio suggests kidney injury or loss of muscle mass in a critical illness. |
| Sodium | 137 to 145 mmol/L | Sodium levels can increase during dehydration, a disorder of the adrenal glands, kidney disease, and diabetes insipidus. Low sodium levels are caused by diarrhoea, vomiting, kidney disease, liver failure, Addison’s disease, and malnutrition. |
| Potassium | 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/L | High levels may be due to kidney failure, hypoaldosteronism, metabolic or respiratory acidosis. Low levels may be due to diarrhoea, vomiting, hyperaldosteronism, and the use of diuretics. |
| Calcium | 8.4 to 10.2 mg/dL | Low calcium levels may be due to hypoparathyroidism, kidney failure, pancreatitis, malnutrition, or a disorder in calcium absorption. High calcium levels may be due to hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, drugs like diuretics, and excessive calcium supplementation. |
| Phosphorus | 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL | Low phosphorus levels may be used for malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, overactive parathyroid glands, and severe burns. High phosphorus levels may be seen during impaired kidney function, hypothyroidism, liver disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis (a complication of diabetes) |
| Chloride | 98 to 107 mmol/L | High levels may be due to diarrhoea, Addison's disease, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and renal tubular acidosis. Low levels may be due to burns, CHF, metabolic alkalosis, vomiting, dehydration, respiratory acidosis (compensated) |
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