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NABL & ICMRAccreditedA Kidney Function test (KFT) checks your kidney health by assessing how well it removes waste from your body. This test measures several blood indicators, aiding in the detection of kidney diseases, monitoring the advancement of these conditions, and evaluating the response to medications.
Kidneys are crucial for removing toxins and waste from the body, synthesising vitamin D, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, and producing important hormones such as erythropoietin for red blood cell creation and renin for blood pressure regulation. These essential roles underscore the importance of healthy kidneys for overall health.
Kidney disease can be asymptomatic in its initial stages, which is why KFTs are important for everyone. These tests aid in the early identification and management of potential kidney problems. Regular KFTs are especially crucial for Hyderabad residents who have a familial predisposition to renal disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart illness. Thus, by scheduling a KFT in Hyderabad, individuals may assess their kidney function, which is essential for overall health.
A KFT offers a detailed analysis of kidney function and electrolyte levels. The test parameters are:
Proper preparation is essential for accurate results when taking a Kidney test at home. Consider the following:
Prerequisites
No special preparation is needed but adhere to any specific guidelines from your doctor. You may be recommended to avoid nicotine and to remain hydrated if you have KFT with electrolytes.
Best Time to Get Tested
Since fasting is not required, the test can be taken at any convenient time.
Who Should Get a Kidney Function Test
It is advisable for those with kidney disease symptoms, chronic conditions such as hypertension or diabetes, or a family history of kidney problems.
Cautions Before Taking Kidney Function Test
Inform your doctor about all the medications you take, including antibiotics, since some may need to be stopped in order to guarantee reliable test results.
Your doctor can request a KFT for a variety of reasons, including:
Symptoms of Kidney Diseases
If you experience symptoms that may indicate a kidney disease such as:
Painful urination
Difficulty urinating
Frequent urination
Blood in your urine
A KFT can help detect kidney disease early, enabling prompt treatment.
Health Conditions
Kidney function can be affected by certain medical disorders including diabetes or hypertension. In such cases, KFT tests become especially crucial for routine monitoring. The tests make it possible to monitor how these illnesses affect the kidneys and to control the course of treatment.
Electrolyte Balance
KFTs, along with electrolyte panels, play a key role in evaluating kidney health and maintaining the balance of essential minerals (such as calcium, sodium, potassium etc.) in the body.
Assessment of Disease Progression
Kidney disease progression may be monitored by KFTs, which can offer important information for medication modifications.
Monitoring Treatment
KFTs are valuable for assessing how effectively the kidneys are responding to treatment plans for various health issues.
The following are the standard ranges for different test parameters and the conditions that might lead to abnormalities:
| Test Parameters | Normal Range | Conditions associated with abnormal levels |
|---|---|---|
| Urea | 19-43 mg/dL (Newborn: 6.5-25.5) | High urea and BUN levels are suggestive of poor kidney function due to acute or chronic kidney diseases, decreased blood flow to the kidneys as in congestive heart failure, shock, stress, recent heart attack or severe burns, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, conditions that obstruct urine flow or dehydration. Low urea and BUN levels are uncommon and are not usually a cause for concern. Although they are not used to detect or track severe liver disease or malnutrition, they can be observed in these circumstances. Normal pregnancy also exhibits low urea levels. |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 6-20mg/dL | |
| Creatinine | 0.66-1.25mg/dL | Creatinine is elevated in kidney damage, infection, urinary tract obstruction, diabetic complications, congestive heart failure, and reduced blood flow to kidneys due to shock. |
| Uric Acid | 3.5-8.5mg/dL | High levels of uric acid are seen in kidney disease, pre-eclampsia, purine-rich food, alcoholism, and side effects of cancer treatment. |
| eGFR | Normal >= 90 Mild decrease 60-89 Mild-moderate decrease 45-59 Severe decrease 15-29 End-stage kidney disease < 15 All values in ml/min/1.73m² | GFR is an important parameter for detecting chronic kidney disease. |
| BUN/creatinine ratio | 10-20 | High BUN/creatinine ratio suggests kidney injury or loss of muscle mass in a critical illness. |
| Sodium | 137 to 145 mmol/L | Sodium levels can increase during dehydration, a disorder of the adrenal glands, kidney disease, and diabetes insipidus. Low sodium levels are caused by diarrhoea, vomiting, kidney disease, liver failure, Addison’s disease, and malnutrition. |
| Potassium | 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/L | High levels may be due to kidney failure, hypoaldosteronism, metabolic or respiratory acidosis. Low levels may be due to diarrhoea, vomiting, hyperaldosteronism, and the use of diuretics. |
| Calcium | 8.4 to 10.2 mg/dL | Low calcium levels may be due to hypoparathyroidism, kidney failure, pancreatitis, malnutrition, or a disorder in calcium absorption. High calcium levels may be due to hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, drugs like diuretics, and excessive calcium supplementation. |
| Phosphorus | 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL | Low phosphorus levels may be used for malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, overactive parathyroid glands, and severe burns. High phosphorus levels may be seen during impaired kidney function, hypothyroidism, liver disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis (a complication of diabetes) |
| Chloride | 98 to 107 mmol/L | High levels may be due to diarrhoea, Addison's disease, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and renal tubular acidosis. Low levels may be due to burns, CHF, metabolic alkalosis, vomiting, dehydration, respiratory acidosis (compensated) |
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