The Dengue NS1 Antigen ELISA test detects the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the dengue virus in blood. It targets specific antigens, which are foreign substances entering the body. This detection is possible in the acute phase, or within the initial 7 days of dengue fever, aiding in early diagnosis and timely medical care.
Dengue fever is spread by mosquito bites and is caused by one of the four serotypes of the dengue virus from the Flavivirus genus. When an infected mosquito bites a person, the virus enters the bloodstream and begins replication. This leads to the symptoms of dengue fever which are caused by the virus and the immune system’s response. The Dengue NS1 test can identify the virus in blood within the first 7 days of symptoms. Studies reveal that NS1 antigen levels in the blood correlate with the severity of the disease, with higher levels present in more severe infections. Hence, the Dengue Antigen test provides essential diagnostic information for dengue infection.
For Hyderabad residents experiencing dengue symptoms, a Dengue Antigen test is highly beneficial. Arrange your Dengue Antigen test in Hyderabad today if you suspect dengue exposure to confirm your status.
Dengue NS1 Antigen ELISA Test Parameters
Dengue spreads through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. When a mosquito bites a dengue-infected person and then bites a healthy one, it transmits the virus. The dengue virus has the ability to destroy blood components that are crucial for clotting and maintaining blood vessel integrity. This damage, combined with chemicals from the immune system, can lead to blood leaking from vessels, causing internal bleeding. Therefore, timely testing is important if symptoms appear.
The Dengue NS1 Antigen test has one key parameter: it focuses on detecting the dengue NS1 protein, released into the blood during infection. This test uses a blood sample and special antibodies to identify the presence of the NS1 antigen. Antibodies are immune system proteins that respond to antigens like NS1. Detection of NS1 in the blood indicates an acute dengue virus infection, though its absence does not rule out infection. Doctors may order additional tests to confirm your diagnosis.
Dengue NS1 Antigen ELISA Test Preparation
Here is how to prepare for a Dengue Fever NS1 Antigen test:
Prerequisites
Fasting is not needed for the Dengue NS1 test.
Best Time to Get Tested
The Dengue Antigen test can be conducted at any time during the day.
Who Should Consider a Dengue NS1 ELISA Test
You should consider this test if you have recently been in a dengue-endemic area and are experiencing symptoms such as high fever, rash, pain behind the eyes, nausea, vomiting, or muscle and joint pain.
Cautions Before Taking Dengue NS1 ELISA Test
No special precautions are required before taking the Dengue NS1 test.
Why Take a Dengue NS1 Antigen ELISA Test?
It is advisable to take a Dengue NS1 test if you live in or have visited a region where dengue fever is prevalent and are currently experiencing symptoms of the illness. Dengue fever symptoms typically emerge within 4 to 10 days following a mosquito bite and persist for 3 to 7 days. These symptoms often include a rapid onset of fever up to 104°F or more, along with any of the following:
Rash
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Severe pain behind the eyes
Muscle, bone, or joint pain
When neglected, some individuals might develop dengue haemorrhagic fever, a life-threatening condition that causes abdominal pain, frequent vomiting, nosebleeds, bleeding gums, vomiting blood, blood in stools, and extreme tiredness. This underscores the need for early detection and treatment of dengue.
The NS1 antigen is present in the blood during the acute phase of infection, making the NS1 test effective within the first 7 days of symptoms. Beyond the first week, the test’s sensitivity decreases.
The Dengue Antigen test thus helps doctors detect dengue early, confirm the infection, and differentiate it from other similar diseases.
Dengue NS1 Antigen ELISA Test Results & Interpretation
The table given below explains the interpretation of the results of a Dengue NS1 ELISA test:
NS1 Results
Index Values
Interpretation
Negative
≤0.8
Retest if NS1 antigen is not found. Further assessment is needed if symptoms persist.
Equivocal
0.8 to 1.1
Should undergo testing using an alternative method.
Positive
≥1.1
Indicates a dengue virus infection.
Interference may occur in some cases where the blood sample contains antibodies against test components, such as during dengue virus testing, where cross-reactivity with other Flaviviruses or non-infectious conditions might result in false-positive results or misinterpretation. Thus, it's essential to consider the patient's clinical history for accurate diagnosis. Using both NS1 detection and the IgM Antibody test can enhance diagnostic accuracy for dengue infection. The dengue NS1 ELISA is preferred within the initial 7 days of symptom onset. After 7-10 days, IgG and IgM antibody tests are advised.
FAQs on Dengue NS1 Antigen ELISA Test in Hyderabad
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