A Dengue Blood test analyses a blood sample to detect the dengue virus or antibodies produced by the body in response to the dengue infection. This test, also known as the Dengue Fever Profile (ELISA) test, is recommended if you have symptoms like fever, headache, muscle aches, and a rash, and have been in a dengue-prone region.
The Dengue Profile test typically combines several tests that are performed using the ELISA method to provide a comprehensive picture of the infection. These tests include:
Dengue NS1 Test: This test detects the dengue virus itself and is most effective in the early stages of infection.
Dengue IgG Test: This test detects IgG antibodies, which indicate a past or current dengue infection.
Dengue IgM Test: This test detects IgM antibodies, which typically appear during the first few days of a new dengue infection.
Early diagnosis of dengue fever is crucial for effective management and prevention of severe complications. By identifying the infection promptly, healthcare professionals can recommend appropriate treatment plans and help minimise the risk of serious illness.
Dengue profile (ELISA) Test Parameters
Laboratory testing becomes crucial for diagnosing dengue fever as the flu-like symptoms seen during the infection can be non-specific. Early detection is essential as dengue can quickly develop into a more severe form. The diagnostic tests for dengue focus on several key parameters to confirm and monitor the infection as follows:
IgM Antibody Test : The IgM antibodies are produced by the immune system shortly after dengue infection begins. These antibodies generally appear around 4-5 days after symptoms start, making them an essential parameter for diagnosing a current or recent dengue infection.
IgG Antibody Test : The IgG antibodies are produced during the later stage of infection. These antibodies start to become detectable by the end of the first week of illness and can remain in the blood for months. Their presence indicates recent or past dengue infections.
NS1 Antigen Test: The NS1 test allows for the detection of NS1 protein, a substance produced by the dengue virus. Detection of this protein during the test suggests that an individual has an active dengue infection.
Dengue profile (ELISA) Test Preparation
While preparing for a Dengue test is hassle-free, you should know the following before you go in for the test:
Prerequisites
The Dengue test does not require any special preparation like fasting.
Best Time to Get Tested
Testing should ideally be done promptly upon experiencing symptoms, typically within the initial 5 days of fever. NS1 Dengue ELISA tests are recommended within the initial 7 days of symptoms, while IgG and IgM tests may be more appropriate in the later stages, around 7-10 days after symptom onset.
Who Should Get the Test
The Dengue test is recommended if a person experiences dengue symptoms such as high fever, rash, joint and muscle pain, severe headache, bleeding (e.g., nose or gum bleed), or pain behind the eyes.
Cautions Before Taking the Test
The test does not require any special precautions.
Why Take a Dengue profile (ELISA) Test?
Dengue Blood test plays a vital role in both individual and public health efforts for mitigation of this mosquito-borne viral illness. Here's why testing is important:
Early Diagnosis for Effective Management: Dengue symptoms are often non-specific, making it challenging to diagnose solely based on the symptoms. Dengue Blood tests offer a crucial tool for early and accurate diagnosis. Timely detection allows for the initiation of appropriate treatment strategies, leading to better symptom management and a more favourable prognosis.
Distinguishing Dengue from Other Viral Infections: Dengue can mimic other febrile illnesses. These Dengue tests provide a definitive differentiation from other febrile illnesses, enabling doctors to diagnose dengue accurately and initiate treatment specific to dengue.
Risk Stratification and Prevention of Complications: Early detection of dengue with these tests allows for early treatment and prevention of severe complications like dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. It also allows for closer monitoring and prompt intervention, potentially preventing life-threatening consequences of dengue.
Public Health Benefits and Outbreak Control: Confirmation of dengue cases through blood testing is essential for public health authorities. This data helps them to monitor outbreaks effectively, implement appropriate control measures, and ultimately prevent further spread of the disease.
For individuals with mobility issues, a Dengue test at home can be an accessible way to ensure early detection and treatment.
Dengue profile (ELISA) Test Results & Interpretation
The results of the Dengue test can be interpreted using the following table:
Antibody or Antigen
Result (Index)
Interpretation
Dengue NS1 Antigen
Negative ≤0.8 Equivocal 0.8 to ≤1.1 Positive ≥1.1
For negative results, re-testing may be necessary. For an equivocal result, an alternative testing method should be used. A positive result indicates a primary* Dengue virus infection.
Dengue IgG Antibody
Negative <0.8 Equivocal 0.8 to <1.1 Positive ≥1.1
For negative results, re-testing may be necessary. For an equivocal result, an alternative testing method should be used. A positive result indicates either a primary or secondary** Dengue virus infection.
Dengue IgM Antibody
Negative <0.8 Equivocal 0.8 to <1.1 Positive ≥1.1
For negative results, re-testing may be necessary. For an equivocal result, an alternative testing method should be used. A positive result indicates a primary Dengue virus infection.
*Primary dengue infection indicates dengue infection for the first time in a person’s life. **Secondary dengue infection indicates that the patient has had dengue infection in the past and may have dengue again.
Early detection through the NS1 antigen signifies a current dengue infection, while IgM antibodies indicate recent exposure. Detection of IgG antibodies suggests previous dengue infection, informing healthcare providers on appropriate treatment strategies and health management practices for facilitating prompt recovery.
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