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NABL & ICMRAccreditedA Kidney Function test (KFT) measures the performance of the kidneys in filtering waste from the body. This blood test examines multiple parameters, which is crucial for diagnosing kidney disorders, observing the progression of kidney issues, and keeping an eye on how well treatments are working.
The kidneys are vital for balancing fluids and electrolytes, detoxifying the body, producing vitamin D, and generating key hormones like erythropoietin, which aids in red blood cell production, and renin, which helps regulate blood pressure. These functions are crucial, making kidney health essential for your well-being.
Since the initial stages of kidney disease may not present any symptoms, KFTs are crucial for all individuals. They play a key role in the early detection and management of kidney issues. For individuals of Delhi who have diabetes, heart disease, a family history of kidney disease, or high blood pressure, routine KFTs are especially crucial. Therefore, by getting a KFT in Delhi, individuals may assess their kidney function, which is essential for overall well-being.
A KFT includes a comprehensive assessment of kidney performance and electrolytes. The test parameters include:
To ensure accurate results from a Kidney test at home, adequate preparation is necessary. Key points include:
Prerequisites
No special preparations are typically required but follow any specific instructions from your doctor. For KFT with electrolytes, you might be asked to drink lots of fluids and stay away from nicotine.
Best Time to Get Tested
The test does not require fasting and can be taken at any time of the day that is convenient for you.
Who Should Get a Kidney Function Test
Recommended for individuals showing symptoms of kidney disease or anyone with a family history of kidney issues. People with diabetes or hypertension may also consider this test.
Cautions Before Taking Kidney Function Test
Notify your doctor about any medications or antibiotics you are currently taking, as they may need to be temporarily discontinued if they could affect the test outcomes.
There are several reasons why a doctor might request a KFT, such as:
Symptoms of Kidney Diseases
A KFT is essential if you have symptoms of kidney disease as it helps in the early detection of kidney disease and initiating prompt treatment. Symptoms include:
Difficulty urinating
Frequent urination
Painful urination
Blood in your urine
Health Conditions
When dealing with diabetes or high blood pressure, which can harm the kidneys, KFTs become essential for regular checkups. These tests provide valuable insights into how these conditions are impacting the kidneys, allowing for adjustments in treatment plans.
Monitoring Treatment
In managing various health conditions, KFTs become a valuable asset for monitoring how the kidneys are responding to treatment.
Assessment of Disease Progression
KFTs are helpful for monitoring the course of kidney disease over time and offer insightful information for modifications to treatment.
Electrolyte Balance
KFTs are important for assessing kidney health and ensuring the balance of vital minerals such as calcium, sodium, potassium etc. in the human body.
Here are the typical ranges for various test parameters, along with conditions that could result in deviations:
| Test Parameters | Normal Range | Conditions associated with abnormal levels |
|---|---|---|
| Urea | 19-43 mg/dL (Newborn: 6.5-25.5) | High urea and BUN levels are suggestive of poor kidney function due to acute or chronic kidney diseases, decreased blood flow to the kidneys as in congestive heart failure, shock, stress, recent heart attack or severe burns, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, conditions that obstruct urine flow or dehydration. Low urea and BUN levels are uncommon and are not usually a cause for concern. Although they are not used to detect or track severe liver disease or malnutrition, they can be observed in these circumstances. Normal pregnancy also exhibits low urea levels. |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 6-20mg/dL | |
| Creatinine | 0.66-1.25mg/dL | Creatinine is elevated in kidney damage, infection, urinary tract obstruction, diabetic complications, congestive heart failure, and reduced blood flow to kidneys due to shock. |
| Uric Acid | 3.5-8.5mg/dL | High levels of uric acid are seen in kidney disease, pre-eclampsia, purine-rich food, alcoholism, and side effects of cancer treatment. |
| eGFR | Normal >= 90 Mild decrease 60-89 Mild-moderate decrease 45-59 Severe decrease 15-29 End-stage kidney disease < 15 All values in ml/min/1.73m² | GFR is an important parameter for detecting chronic kidney disease. |
| BUN/creatinine ratio | 10-20 | High BUN/creatinine ratio suggests kidney injury or loss of muscle mass in a critical illness. |
| Sodium | 137 to 145 mmol/L | Sodium levels can increase during dehydration, a disorder of the adrenal glands, kidney disease, and diabetes insipidus. Low sodium levels are caused by diarrhoea, vomiting, kidney disease, liver failure, Addison’s disease, and malnutrition. |
| Potassium | 3.5 to 5.5 mmol/L | High levels may be due to kidney failure, hypoaldosteronism, metabolic or respiratory acidosis. Low levels may be due to diarrhoea, vomiting, hyperaldosteronism, and the use of diuretics. |
| Calcium | 8.4 to 10.2 mg/dL | Low calcium levels may be due to hypoparathyroidism, kidney failure, pancreatitis, malnutrition, or a disorder in calcium absorption. High calcium levels may be due to hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, drugs like diuretics, and excessive calcium supplementation. |
| Phosphorus | 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL | Low phosphorus levels may be used for malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, overactive parathyroid glands, and severe burns. High phosphorus levels may be seen during impaired kidney function, hypothyroidism, liver disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis (a complication of diabetes) |
| Chloride | 98 to 107 mmol/L | High levels may be due to diarrhoea, Addison's disease, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and renal tubular acidosis. Low levels may be due to burns, CHF, metabolic alkalosis, vomiting, dehydration, respiratory acidosis (compensated) |
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