PCOD and Skin Care: Tips for Managing Acne and Hirsutism

Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is a hormonal disorder that affects around 1 in 10 women during their reproductive age. The condition is characterised by irregular periods, high levels of male hormones, and the presence of small cysts on the ovaries. Along with this, PCOD also involves secondary symptoms, acne and excessive hair growth (hirsutism). The dermatological issues can significantly impact of quality of life for individuals with PCOD. Let us understand how PCOD influences skin health and discuss practical skincare tips to address the acne and hirsutism associated with PCOD. 

Understanding Acne in PCOD 

When it comes to PCOD, hormonal imbalances can lead to various symptoms, including irregular periods and skin issues like acne. Acne is a common skin concern affecting many individuals with PCOD globally. The prevalence of acne in women with PCOD is around 10-34%. In fact, due to the rise in hormones during puberty, acne is observed in more than 50% of adolescent girls. In PCOD, acne often occurs due to higher levels of androgens (male hormones). These hormones can cause the skin to produce more oil, leading to clogged pores and the growth of acne-causing bacteria. Interestingly, not all women with PCOD experience acne, and sometimes, acne may not be directly related to the excess androgens in the body. Factors like genetics, insulin levels, and the activity of certain enzymes in the skin follicles can also play a role in acne development. 

Skin Care Tips for Acne Management 

Cleansing routines 

Wash your face gently up to two times a day and after sweating. Use a mild skin cleanser and apply it using your fingertips only. Avoid scrubbing with washcloths, sponges, or other tools, as they can irritate your skin. Washing your face with a cleanser containing salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide can provide better cleansing if you have acne-prone skin. Do not scrub or repeatedly wash your face. 

Moisturising 

Contrary to common belief, moisturising is crucial for acne management. Opt for non-comedogenic, oil-free moisturisers that won't clog pores or exacerbate acne. Dryness of the skin can trigger increased oil production and worsen acne. Moisturisers help maintain the skin's natural barrier function and prevent dryness. Hydrated skin is better able to tolerate acne treatments and not be excessively irritated or dry due to it. Apply a lightweight, oil-free moisturiser after cleansing to keep your skin balanced and hydrated throughout the day. 

Treatment options 

The treatment options for acne management include topical therapies, oral medicines, and hormonal therapies prescribed by dermatologists.  

Topical treatments are substances applied to the skin directly either in the form of a cream or gel to target acne lesions. The topical treatments available for acne management include retinoids, topical antibiotics, and benzoyl peroxide. They kill acne-causing bacteria, unclog pores, and reduce inflammation.  

Oral medications are taken by mouth to treat acne. Oral isotretinoin is a commonly prescribed anti-acne therapy. It reduces sebum production and prevents acne formation. 

Hormonal therapy involves using medicines to regulate hormone levels in the body to reduce acne. Some medications like spironolactone also block the effects of androgens to improve acne symptoms. 

It's important to consult with a dermatologist or healthcare provider to determine the most suitable treatment option based on your individual needs and the severity of acne. 

Managing Hirsutism 

Hirsutism is a condition that involves the presence of coarse hairs on the skin in females resembling a male-like hair growth pattern. It manifests as dark and thick hair on areas such as the face, neck, tummy, chest, and thighs and affects around 5-10% of women. Hirsutism occurs primarily due to hormonal imbalance of androgens and insulin. In women with PCOD, hirsutism is associated with excessive androgens in the body. If you have PCOD and experience hirsutism, you may be advised to lose weight, which can regulate hormones and prevent unwanted hair growth. Your doctor may also prescribe a cream to slow down the growth of facial hair. 

Hair Removal Techniques 

Various methods are employed for removing or lightening the excessive hair. Shaving, bleaching, or chemical depilation can offer temporary relief from unwanted hair. Plucking, threading or waxing in areas with androgenised skin should be avoided as they don't eliminate the hair follicles and may lead to folliculitis, trauma to the hair shaft, ingrown hairs, and further skin damage. For long-term hair removal, techniques such as electro-epilation and laser photothermolysis are employed. Selective photothermolysis, another hair removal technique, is a type of laser therapy that selectively targets the hair follicles leading to heat-induced damage of the follicles; however, it does not harm the surrounding skin. 

Skin Care Products 

Managing acne and hirsutism-related concerns requires a targeted approach to skincare. Here are some tips that can help you choose the right skin care products: 

• Look for products formulated specifically for acne-prone and sensitive skin. Use gentle products and avoid harsh ingredients that often worsen your acne. 
• Use a mild and non-abrasive skin cleaner. Do not scrub with sponges or other tools while cleansing your skin. 
• Opt for gentle cleansers containing salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide to unclog pores and reduce acne breakouts. 
• Do not use alcohol-based products such as some toners, astringents or exfoliants that can irritate your skin. Check the labels to make sure that the products do not have alcohol. 
• Moisturisers labelled as non-comedogenic are essential to maintain skin hydration without clogging pores. 
• Use a broad-spectrum and water-resistant sunscreen to ensure sun protection. Also, look for a non-comedogenic sunscreen or a product that does not clog pores. 

Lifestyle Tips 

Stress management plays a crucial role in managing PCOD symptoms, as stress can exacerbate hormonal imbalances. Include stress-management methods in your routine. Practice deep breathing, exercise, yoga, and meditation. Spending time on self-care through these activities ensures relaxation. 

A healthy diet is also essential for managing PCOD and promoting skin health. A balanced diet filled with proteins, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is ideally suited for managing healthy body weight in PCOD. To maintain hormonal balance, one should limit the intake of sugary and processed foods. Some foods like caffeine and chocolate can also worsen acne. 

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Conclusion 

In conclusion, managing acne and hirsutism associated with PCOD requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates skincare routines, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. By seeking appropriate medical advice and choosing appropriate skincare products, one can address the skin-related concerns associated with PCOD. Moreover, prioritising stress management techniques and maintaining a healthy diet can contribute to overall well-being and skin health in individuals with PCOD.